{"id":10771,"date":"2020-07-05T19:08:31","date_gmt":"2020-07-05T16:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/katsanas.com\/?p=1543"},"modified":"2023-10-10T21:48:25","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T21:48:25","slug":"ameliyat-ipliginin-tarihcesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/ameliyat-ipliginin-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"AMEL\u0130YAT \u0130PL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u00c7ES\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0 25px 25px 0; float: left; width: 500px;\" src=\"https:\/\/katsanas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/ameliyat-ipliginin-tarihcesi.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<h1>AMEL\u0130YAT \u0130PL\u0130\u011e\u0130N\u0130N TAR\u0130H\u00c7ES\u0130<\/h1>\n\n\n<p>Ameliyat ipli\u011fi, antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri farkl\u0131 materyallerle de olsa kendi kendine iyile\u015femeyecek yaralar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ameliyat ipliklerinin tarih\u00e7esine bakacak olursak olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 tablolarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. M.\u00d6 50.000 ile 30.000 aras\u0131nda ilk olarak g\u00f6zl\u00fc&nbsp;ameliyat i\u011fnelerinin ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M.\u00d6 20.000\u2019li y\u0131llarda ke\u015ffedilen kemik i\u011fnelerinin ise R\u00f6nesans\u2019a kadar yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Neolitik kafataslar\u0131 incelemelerinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. \u0130\u011fne deli\u011finin i\u00e7ine do\u011fru b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kemikler, bize hastan\u0131n operasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda hayatta kalmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ameliyat sonras\u0131nda da sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde hayat\u0131na devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu bulgular, bize ilkel insanlar\u0131n bile&nbsp;cerrahi&nbsp;i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kuzey Amerikal\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131lderililer\u2019in koter kullanmalar\u0131, Afrikal\u0131 kabilelerin kan damarlar\u0131n\u0131 tendonlarla ba\u011flay\u0131p akasya dikenleri ile yaralar\u0131 kapatmalar\u0131, diki\u015f hatt\u0131na yerel bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yard\u0131m\u0131yla diki\u015f atmalar\u0131 ve sonuna sekiz d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc atmalar\u0131 da ameliyat ipli\u011fi kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7a\u011flardan beri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gereklilik oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Antik \u00e7a\u011flardan M.\u00d6 1900\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llara geldi\u011fimizde ise Babil kral\u0131 Hamurabi zaman\u0131nda tap\u0131nak dire\u011fine kaz\u0131nm\u0131\u015f cerrahi uygulama teknikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu kurallar, o d\u00f6nemde de ameliyatlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M.\u00d6 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan kalan yaz\u0131tlar ise bize ba\u011flamak ve diki\u015f atmak amac\u0131 ile tel ve sinir kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. Misyoner olan Robert Felkin; 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uganda\u2019da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koter ve \u015fi\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131larak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lan sezaryen operasyonunu anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bir G\u00fcney Amerikan metodu ise yara dudaklar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck siyah kar\u0131ncalar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7enelerini kullanarak birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntemde kar\u0131nca g\u00f6vdesinin, kafay\u0131 yara \u00fczerinde b\u0131rakacak \u015fekilde b\u00fck\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve kopart\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Antik Yunanl\u0131larda ameliyat ipli\u011fi olarak at kuyruklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.&nbsp;Thebes\u2019te bulunan bir cerrahi papir\u00fcs ise M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da yara kenarlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan malzemenin keten ameliyat ipli\u011fi oldu\u011funu, kollajen ve organik lif k\u00f6kleri, kuru ba\u011f\u0131rsak, kuru tendon, at k\u0131l\u0131, hayvan deri \u015feritleri, kad\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131 ve a\u011fa\u00e7 liflerinin de ameliyat ipli\u011fi olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lk anatomist Yunan hekim Galen ise 1800 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ilk kez \u2018 De Methoda Medendi\u2019 isimli kitab\u0131nda ipek ve \u201ckatg\u00fct\u201dten bahsetmektedir. Katg\u00fct\u00fcn daha \u00f6nce de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmesine kar\u015f\u0131n, katg\u00fct i\u00e7in ilk kayna\u011f\u0131n bu kitap oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Daha sonralarda, 9. as\u0131rda Arap hekim Razi\u2019nin pratisyen cerrahlara katg\u00fct kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermesiyle katg\u00fct\u00fcn 1840\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler bir hal ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llara kadar kullan\u0131lan ameliyat iplikleri genelde katg\u00fct, ipek, keten ve pamuk iken sentetik ameliyat ipliklerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131na 1941 y\u0131l\u0131nda Poliamid (Naylon) ile II. D\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan poliester, poliakrilonitril, poliolefin materyalleri ameliyat ipli\u011fi olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu materyallerin hi\u00e7biri cerrahi kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 ile \u00fcretilmemi\u015f olup tekstil sanayisindeki geli\u015fmeler ile tekstilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f; daha sonra bu kullan\u0131m cerrahi operasyonlarda denenmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1970 y\u0131l\u0131nda cerrahi kullan\u0131m ama\u00e7l\u0131 ilk emilebilen, sentetik ameliyat ipli\u011fi&nbsp;PGA&nbsp;(glikolik asidin bir homo- polimeri (poliglikolik asit)) piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Katg\u00fcte k\u0131yasla emilim s\u00fcresi daha ge\u00e7 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck doku reaksiyonuna ilaveten g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm mukavemetine sahip olmas\u0131, PGA\u2019ya ameliyat ipli\u011fi olarak geni\u015f kullan\u0131m alan\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonralarda da geli\u015fen teknoloji ile de\u011fi\u015fik kullan\u0131m alanlar\u0131na hitap edebilecek emilebilir PDO(polidioksanon), PGCL (Poliglekapron), PGLA (polliglikolik ko laktik asit) ve emilemeyen PP (Polipropilen) gibi materyaller \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sentetik ameliyat ipli\u011fi kronolojisi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1941 Poliamid<\/li><li>1958 Poliester<\/li><li>1969 Polipropilen<\/li><li>1970 PGA<\/li><li>1974 PGLA<\/li><li>1985 Poliglikonat<\/li><li>1989 Polidioksanon<\/li><li>1993 PGCL<\/li><li>1995 PGLA Rapid<\/li><li>2003 Antibakteriyel PGLA (Triklosan)<\/li><li>2006 Antibakteriyel PGCL, PDO (Triklosan)<\/li><li>2010 Antibakteriyel PGLA, PGCL, PDO, PGA (Klorheksidin)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130lkel \u00e7a\u011flardan beri hayat\u0131m\u0131zda yeri olan ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu denli \u00f6nem arz eden ameliyat iplikleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de istisnas\u0131z her cerrahi operasyonda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu sebeple bu alanda halen daha geli\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131lmakta, hasta sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n planda tutarak yeni materyaller denenmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, antik \u00e7a\u011flardaki gibi herhangi bir materyalle doku kapamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmamas\u0131, ilgili testlerle biyouyumluluklar\u0131 kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olan g\u00fcvenli sentetik materyallere olan ilginin artmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ameliyat ipli\u011fi, antik \u00e7a\u011flardan beri farkl\u0131 materyallerle de olsa kendi kendine iyile\u015femeyecek yaralar\u0131n&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-tr"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11116,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10771\/revisions\/11116"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.katsanas.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}